Vedic Mathematics is a system of mathematics that originated from ancient Indian scriptures called the Vedas. The system is based on a collection of techniques or “sutras” (which means aphorisms or principles) to solve mathematical problems. These techniques were rediscovered in the early 20th century by Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji, a Hindu monk and scholar, who compiled them into a book called Vedic Mathematics.
The main advantage of Vedic Mathematics is that it offers faster and more efficient methods for performing arithmetic calculations, especially mental calculations, than conventional methods. Many of the techniques involve breaking down problems into smaller, more manageable parts.
Some Key Features of Vedic Mathematics:
“Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah” (All from 9 and the last from 10) – Used for multiplication of numbers near a base (like 10, 100, etc
Sutras (Formulas): There are 16 main sutras, or principles, in Vedic Mathematics. Each sutra is designed to solve a specific class of problems. For example:
“Ekadhikena Purvena” (By one more than the previous one) – Used for multiplication of numbers close to powers of 10.
Faster Calculation Techniques: Vedic methods simplify operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. For example, multiplying large numbers can be done quickly by using techniques like “vertical and crosswise multiplication.”
Mental Math: Vedic Mathematics is often used for mental calculations because it breaks down problems into smaller steps that can be done in the head without the need for paper and pen.
Application to Algebra: Vedic techniques are not only limited to basic arithmetic but can also be extended to algebra, geometry, and even calculus.
Flexible and Versatile: The methods are highly flexible, meaning you can choose different techniques depending on the situation, which makes it an efficient and adaptable system.
Examples of Vedic Math Techniques:
Example 1: Multiplying Two Numbers Close to 100
For example, multiplying 97 × 96:
- Step 1: Find how much each number is less than 100.
100 – 97 = 3, 100 – 96 = 4. - Step 2: Subtract the cross-difference from 100:
100 – (3 + 4) = 93. - Step 3: Multiply the differences (3 × 4 = 12).
- Result: The answer is 9312 (93 from step 2 and 12 from step 3).
Example 2: Squaring a Number Ending in 5
For example, squaring 25:
- Step 1: Take the number without the last digit: 2.
- Step 2: Add 1 to this number: 2 + 1 = 3.
- Step 3: Multiply the result (3 × 2 = 6).
- Step 4: Attach 25 to the result from Step 3: 625.
This technique works for any number ending in 5, like 15, 25, 35, etc.
Vedic Mathematics can make many types of mathematical operations much quicker, especially for students or professionals needing fast calculations. It’s often used in competitive exams, speed math challenges, and mental math competitions.